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PCB Design

I spent some time
last night working on getting a schematic laid out in TinyCad.
I had a couple of issues that took me a little to resolve since it was my first time
laying something with it.  Getting my ground to work as an actual ground and
then I had a couple of components where the wires would not properly connect even
though the junctions were good.  I resolved all of the ground issues... and most
of the junction issues. I then exported it to a
netlist and
partslist.






 

Next I moved on
to FreePCB. I was able to import
my netlist and
partslist right way. I then updated the package/footprint info and then started doing
the parts placement. The couple of places where I had junction issues came back as
an issue. I ended up just deleting the network for that connection and manually connected
the parts. Once a person figures that out it is a quick fix. I then decided that I
wanted a two sided board so that it would work with the autorouter software. I then
created a dsn file. (I used generic pads for the toroid based transformer.)






 

Next I opened the
dsn file with the Autorouter software. It laid out the connections in a couple
of seconds. The problem is that four of the traces were on the bottom of the board
which is an issue when I want to work on a one sided solder mask. I then exported
my updated dsn file and exported my spectra file.






 

Next I went back
to FreePCB and opened my updated
DSN and spectra files. I discovered that I can click on the traces and change them
back to top layer. That is a very cool hack to make my simple board a single sided
board again... traces on top... ground on the bottom. I then exported the CAM files
so that I would have some Gerber files to work with.






 

Next I opened up Viewmate and
opened up my Gerber
files
. I was able to select my layer(s) and save them as BMPs or send them to
the laser printer or cutepdf. If I owned the app for the $49 I would have several other
options as well.












I probably spent
4 hours end to end for my first time through the process. I could have easily made
a working "print & peel" or if I had a flatbed inkjet printed directly on a board.
Granted that my schematic was pretty simple but the process would have worked.  
I
did quick measurements and the capacitors that I ordered would have fit the pad
foot print on my board.  The crystal pads should be adjusted to be a bit bigger
and the toroid pads probably should be spaced out a bit further as well.)


 

So overall I would
rate the experience as a B or B+ especially given that I am not an EE nor do
I have any experience with this kind of software or tools. (All of the software that I
used last night was open source or free.)








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Field Day antennas

For some reason I started searching for Field Day info and started looking at antennas again. I have some nice mono band wire dipoles that I built for the 2009 Field Day weekend. They play well but it does become a challenge to find enough trees in my campsites to hang all of them from.



I would like to find something simpler to operate 20-40-80.  Something like an
G5RV or End Fed might be options.



The G5RV for 80m is about 102' long.








The Par Electronics end-fed is another antenna that I hear a lot of QRP folks mention
with positive responses. The 10/20/40 is about 40' long.




At the end of the day it is all a comprise... but if I operate QRP (solo) I can't
afford too much loss as my signal is already pretty small. For 2010 my plans might
include having my two older sons with me operate as a multi-single style station which
would probably mean that I need to pull out my big radio and think about QRO ~ 100w
since they will probably want to operate SSB and I will probably end up filling in
on CW when they don't want to operate.



-----

More notes:

Great write up on home made end fed dipoles:  (You have to love the toroid based
transformer)

http://www.aa5tb.com/efha.html








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BASIC for the PIC (programming)

I am looking to do some programming on some PIC MCUs in the near future. I have two boards sitting around my office. One take a 9 pin serial and the other takes a USB. I am really not a Assembly or C developer and I am resistant to go down that path unless I am really in love with the platform.



A friend at work owns and recommends the Mikro line. I am in interested in Mikro and
Proton and think that Great Cow might be interesting just to see what it looks like.



Mikro Basic

http://www.mikroe.com/en/compilers/mikrobasic/pro/pic/




Proton PICBasic

http://www.picbasic.org/proton_development_suite.php




Great Cow Basic

http://gcbasic.sourceforge.net/index.html




PICBasic

http://www.melabs.com/products/pbc.htm




------

Here are some other links and notes that I dug up a couple of weeks ago:



Looks nice.. but it appears that new development is slowing down on this package

http://www.basicmicro.com/MBasic--PICmicro_c_49.html


 

Instruction manual:

http://www.basicmicro.com/downloads/docs/mbasic.pdf


 

BASIC example of writing to an LCD:

http://www.basicmicro.com/downloads/code/lcdwrite.bas


 

Might be work a look:

http://www.picbasic.org/


 

Tool Comparison:

http://www.picbasic.org/compiler_comparisons.php


 


Some people use this for a 18 series PIC.

http://www.sfcompiler.co.uk/swordfish/index.html


 

Another Basic tool:

http://melabs.com/products/index.htm


 

Basic compiler and simulator:

http://www.oshonsoft.com/pic.html








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Transistor Impedance (more)

Here are some low frequency examples:






Rc is the resistor at the collector   -   Re is
the resistor at the emitter





This model assumes that you are getting your RF from a tap between the collector and
collector resistor.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_emitter




I am still working on trying to figure out this impedance thing. N0FP added another
bit of complexity... what happens if you have a tank circuit vs. no tank circuit. 
... Argghhh.



I need to pull out SSDRA and do some more reading or re-reading as the case might
be.





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Transistor Impedance

I am trying to figure out how to calculate the input and output impedance for transistors. (Kind of an important detail when you are designing radio gear.)



The link below has some interesting examples. I grabbed some screen captures of them
in case they eventually fade away on the internet like so many good things do.





http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/Electronic/tranimped.html



















The challenge that I have with these examples are that they appear to be DC values.
I live in an RF world which means we are talking about AC or even more complex is
DC & AC at the same time.

------

Here is another link that I like:

http://www.geofex.com/article_folders/impednc.htm




I have seen/read other examples like this where you roll up the values and get to
an approximate value.




This still bothers me.  Why is it so hard to figure it out?  We should be
able to calculate it and measure it. This feels kind of elusive and black boxish. 
....arghhh.









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Direct PCB Printing (Inkjet)




>

>

>





http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkHpjzOhzxA



http://techref.massmind.org/techref/pcb/etch/directinkjetresist.htm



http://techref.massmind.org/techref/pcb/etch/c84-st.htm



http://hackaday.com/2009/09/02/direct-to-pcb-inkjet-printing/



--------------------



I have a Laser printer and several Inket printers. It appears that my Epson RX595
has the right kind of ink and a CD print tray. It looks like this might be magic to
be able to do direct printing on a copper PCB.